FRANCE – Le Familistère de Guise : Utopie Sociale

En France, dans l’Aisne, le Familistère de Guise est un lieu historique hors du commun. Concu au 19e siècle par Jean-Baptise André Godin, ce « palais social » incarne une utopie sociale remarquable.
Travail, lieu d’habitation et culture étaient regroupés dans ce même lieu. Bien plus qu’un simple lieu historique, le Familistère représente une aventure humaine mêlée à une innovation sociale dans une architecture unique. Dans cet article je vous parle du lieu et je vous donnerai mon avis sur ma visite. 

📍 Où ? Le Familistère de Guise, à environ 2h30 de Bruxelles en voiture.
🎟️ Billets et infos : https://www.familistere.com/fr

Le Palais Social de Godin

Le familistère est un bâtiment imposant fait de briques rouges. Aussi surnommé « palais social » ce lieu a été imaginé par Godin comme un moyen de mettre en oeuvre un projet utopiste social basé sur les doctrine de Fournier, philosophe du 17e siècle

Godin était un industriel visionner et défenseur de la justice sociale. Né dans une famille d’artisans il a été témoin des inégalités de son époque. Conditions de vie difficiles de ouvrer dépendant du salariat.  Lui, croit en l’absolu nécessite d’avoir une société plus juste et équitable. Il devient industriel avec la fabrication de poêles mais son ambition dépasse largement la réussite économique : il décide de créer un modele social ou les travailleurs pourront direcgement bénéficier des richesses de ce qu’ils produisent.  C’est ainsi que né le Familistère de Guise.

Un modèle social novateur

Dans une petite ville qui comptait et qui compte toujours à peine 4000 habitants, le familistère regroupaient 2000 personnes en sont sein. Ces habitants étaient à la fois des travailleurs de l’usine de poêles que des actionnaires du familistère car les habitants deviennent copropriétaires eux mêmes et bénéficient directement des profits de l’entreprise.

La familistère c’est une vrai citée sociale pensée pour offrir des conditions de vie dignes à ses habitants qui sont eux meme les ouvriers de l’usine.  A l’intérieur, de l’équipement collectif, comme une piscine, des grands jardins, un théâtres et autres installations pour le bien-être quotidien et nécessaire des habitants. Bien sur les logements étaient confortables, au dessus des standards de l’époque.

Le familistère c’est bien plus qu’un lieu c’est toute une organisation novatrice pour son époque. C’était meme extrêmement novateur. 

Pendant un siècle, la familistère a fonctionne selon ce système social basé sur la production industrielle et la redistribution des richesses à tous. C’est en 1968. Que le modèle finit par etre abandonné ou plutot qu’il a du s’adapter aux mutations économiques au fil du temps. Vers le fin du 20e s, le site est revalorisé pour ne pas etre abandonné. Aujourd’hui il est classé monument historique et est devenu un espace hybride , a la fois un lieu d’habitation (il y a toujours des habitants en son sein !) , un site culturel et un musée

Mon avis : un lieu à double tranchant

Le familistère a une histoire extraordinaire. Le volonté de Godin d’en fait un palais social ou l’equité domine est remarquable, surtout pour cette époque.  L’architecture est elle aussi exceptionnelle, le lieu est originale et beau.
Pour moi l’endroit et son symbolisme sont vraiment interessant à connaitre mais tout ca ca peut se voir et s’apprendre sur internet. Car de nombreuses videos parant du familistère sont disponibles sur Youtube. 
Les parties  musée sont assez sobres et ne proposes pas énormément de choses à découvrir.  L’amenégement musée st minimaliste. Par exemple dans certains appartement, ils ont juste redisiez les ombres des meubles et déco qui s’y trouvaient avec quelques explications. Certains autres apparement contiennent bien du mobilier de l’epoque mais tres peu. Pas assez selon moi pour pouvoir s’immerger dans ce qu’était le lieu de vie.
Pour la partie dédiée à l’apparement de Godin meme ressenti, tres peu de choses à voir. Il y a bien quelques photos montrant ce qu’était l’appartement à l’époque, mais peu de choses (mobilier de nouveau) ont été posée pour recréer l’ambiance du lieu.
Il y a beaucoup de poêles et de buste du créateur, un peu partout, mais c’est assez redondant meme si c’est beau. 

Nous avons suivi la visite guidée qui durait environ 45minutes. La guide à explique le concept du familistère, l’histoire de Godin, quelques anecdotes et c’était assez interessant mais court. En fait tout le lieu repose sur du symbolisme et du concept et du coup je ne comprends pas la plus value a aller voir le lieu en lui meme, surtout sachant qu’il est difficile d’accès. Oui le bâtiment est beaucoup mais il y a peu de choses à voir dans le complexe.

Pour etre claire : on a vite fait le tour. Trop vite à mon gout.

Par contre je précise que nous n’avons pas su aller au théâtre et nous n’avons pa fait la blanchisserie. Nous n’avons pas fait non plus l’activité de VR mais de nouveau je ne vois pas vrmt la plus value que ca pourrait amener sachant que le lieu pêche déjà par son manque de chose réeelle a voir.  J’ai l’impression qu’il faut vraiment etre passionné par le sujet pour apprécier pleinement l’exposition. Je comprends bien l’importance de l’asect conceptuel mais cet aspect je peux le voir et l’apprecier sur YouTube… 

➡ Points positifs :
✔️ L’architecture impressionnante du Palais social. C’est quand meme une histoire extraordinaire. L’endroit et son symbolisme sont vraiment intéressants à connaître.
✔️ L’histoire du lieu, le fait qu’il y ait encore des habitants en son sein.
✔️ Les jardins et espaces publics, ouverts aux visiteurs.
✔️  Des visiteurs, mais pas trop (je déteste quand c’est bondé).
✔️ Mon oeil de photographe a repérer des supers endroits pour faire des photos.
✔️ Facile de se garer grâce au parking
✔️ 11€ en tarif plein pour visite libre, c’est correct 

➡ Points négatifs :
✔️ Manque de contenu dans les parties musée
✔️ Peu d’interactivité 
✔️ Scénographie classique, un peu trop.
✔️ Un peu monotone, bcp de choses identiques (bustes…)
✔️ Pas de transport en commun
✔️ Meme en voiture c’est peu agréable comme chemin car passe uniquement a travers les villages d’après le GPS.
✔️ Le parcours est pas spécialement intuitif. On ne savait pas trop ou aller après la fin de la visite guidée, c’était visite libre mais je ne me rappelle pas avoir vu spécialement de fléchage du coup on est un peu rentrer au hasard la ou on voyait des gens. 

➡ Points mitigés :
✔️ 45 minutes pour une visite c’est une bonne durée, mais je suis mitigée, j’ai eu un gout de trop peu tout en me demandant si ca méritait plus. 

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